German Shepherd

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  • Large German Shepherd, black and tan, running through grass
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  • German Shephard puppy holding a green toy in its mouth. Dog is laying on the ground with its head up.
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  • White German Shepherd adult in profile wearing a red collar and standing in a grassy field with autumn leaves on the ground. Red/orange trees in background.
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  • Group of 5 black and tan german shepherd puppies sitting in grass
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  • Adult black and tan german shepherd portrait close up on face with tongue hanging out. Background is blurred.
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  • Black german Shepherd sitting in a pile of red and orange fall leaves in a grassy field in front of trees
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  • German Shepherd Puppy laying down with head up in front of wood slats. Ears are slightly floppy.
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  • Adult black and tan German Shepherd sitting in grass in front of wooded background.
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  • Adult black and tan german shepherd running through the surf at the beach.
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  • Large German Shepherd, black and tan, running through grass
  • German Shephard puppy holding a green toy in its mouth. Dog is laying on the ground with its head up.
  • White German Shepherd adult in profile wearing a red collar and standing in a grassy field with autumn leaves on the ground. Red/orange trees in background.
  • Group of 5 black and tan german shepherd puppies sitting in grass
  • Adult black and tan german shepherd portrait close up on face with tongue hanging out. Background is blurred.
  • Black german Shepherd sitting in a pile of red and orange fall leaves in a grassy field in front of trees
  • German Shepherd Puppy laying down with head up in front of wood slats. Ears are slightly floppy.
  • Adult black and tan German Shepherd sitting in grass in front of wooded background.
  • Adult black and tan german shepherd running through the surf at the beach.
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Breed Snapshot

Life Expectancy:

12 to 14 years

Size:

Large

Maintenance Level:

High

Shed Level:

Very High

Temperament:

Extremely IntelligentFearlessLoyal

Coat Color:

Black And TanBlack And CreamBlack And SilverBlack And RedBlack
Blue Ribbon

Best For

German Shepherds, intelligent and loyal, thrive on mental challenges and active engagement. With a strong work ethic, they make exceptional working dogs. The rewarding companionship of a German Shepherd is perfect for those seeking a devoted and versatile pup.

German Shepherd Traits

German Shepherd Temperament

The German Shepherd’s best trait is their intense, unwavering loyalty to their families. (There’s a reason they make some of the best police dogs.) The fearless breed has also been known to put themselves in harm’s way before they let a family member get hurt.

Socialization and training are essential for German Shepherds, to teach them that most things in this world are nothing to fear (and nothing that poses a threat to their loved ones, either). Early social interactions with kids, babies and other animals is also important if you want your German Shepherd to be well-behaved around guests. (Remember to teach children how to interact appropriately with dogs, too.) With the proper education, this easy-to-train pup can be a great family dog.

German Shepherds are born talkers. They will bark when they’re bored, and they’ll bark to alert you if something isn’t quite right. But training and exercise can help curb a lippy pup and keep their barking to when you need it the most.

These dogs are incredibly smart, and they are at their best when they have a job to do, whether working as a police or military dog, doing tracking or search and rescue, serving as a guide dog or at home practicing scent work or solving puzzles for a treat. And when they’re with their family, German Shepherds will let their silly side show as they flip their toys in the air and roll around on their backs.

How to Care for a German Shepherd

A German Shepherd puppy can become one of the best companions a pet parent could ask for, but they don’t come work-free. German Shepherds need regular grooming, plenty of exercise and a lot of training. However, these pups are quick studies, and all your efforts will be rewarded.

German Shepherd Health

German Shepherds have a life expectancy of 7 to 10 years, but are prone to a number of health problems. It’s important for a pup parent to be aware of the common health conditions that can affect your dog, so you can help them live the longest life possible.

  • Elbow and Hip Dysplasia: German Shepherd health issues include these degenerative joint diseases that can cause pain throughout their life. With either elbow or hip dysplasia, the joint doesn’t fit properly. According to the Orthopedic Foundation of Animals, about 20 percent of German Shepherds have hip dysplasia. Look for signs like limping and decreased range of motion. Treatment can include weight loss, reduced activity, joint supplements, pain medications or, in severe cases, surgery.
  • Degenerative Myelopathy: A neurological disorder that affects the spinal cord, this disease can lead to paralysis of the hind legs. Early signs of degenerative myelopathy include weakness in the hind legs and difficulty standing up. There is currently no treatment for it, but physical therapy can help preserve the muscles and prolong the use of their legs.
  • Cancer: German Shepherds can develop certain types of cancers, including hemangiosarcoma (malignant tumors that often develop in blood-rich areas like the heart or spleen), bone cancer, lung cancer and intestinal cancer. Signs of cancer can include lethargy and loss of appetite. Depending on the severity, treatment options can include chemotherapy, radiation or surgery.
  • Bloat or Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV): This is a life-threatening emergency where the stomach swells and twists, and it is more common in dogs with deep chests like German Shepherds. If your dog is retching/dry heaving (trying to vomit but no vomit is coming out) or their abdomen looks distended, take them to the vet immediately.
  • Allergies: German Shepherd dogs are prone to both seasonal allergies and food allergies. These typically present as scratching, itching and skin rash. If you suspect your pet may have allergies, please make an appointment with your veterinarian.
  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): This is a genetic heart condition where the heart enlarges, making the heart muscle weak and thin which potentially results in heart failure. Diagnosis is typically based on echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) and treatment is most often daily medication.
  • Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI): In this condition, the pancreas does not produce enough enzymes to digest food. Symptoms include weight loss despite a ravenous appetite and soft stool. While there is no cure, treatment with pancreatic enzyme supplements can be highly effective.
  • Pannus: Also known as superficial keratitis, this immune-mediated disease leads to abnormal tissue in the eye. It is painful and can lead to blindness. If you suspect your pet is having any issues with their eyes, your vet may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist.
  • Epilepsy: German Shepherd dogs are prone to seizures and epilepsy which typically occurs at 6 months to 5 years of age. Treatment is often daily medication.

German Shepherd History

The smart, agile German Shepherd breed we know today was largely the creation of one man. In the late 1800s, Captain Max von Stephanitz set out to create the perfect German herding dog (capable of keeping sheep in line and protecting them from predators like wolves) and cross-bred different dogs from northern and central Germany. He spent decades promoting the breed and even created the first club devoted to German Shepherd dogs. When herding became less of a necessity in the 1900s, their history took a turn when von Stephanitz decided German Shepherds would make the ultimate K-9 or police dog.

The German Shepherd became the 60th breed to be recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1908, and the German Shepherd Dog Club of America was founded in 1913. American families fell head over heels for German Shepherds while watching “The Adventures of Rin-Tin-Tin” in movies and on television. (The original Rin-Tin-Tin was born in 1918.) However, during the world wars, their popularity wobbled due to anti-German feelings. But this pup, with their wonderful personalities, was not down for long. Today, the German Shepherd is among most popular dog breeds in America.

So, where’s the best place to find German Shepherd puppies? You can find a list of reputable breeders on the American Kennel Club’s website. What is the price for a purebred German Shepherd puppy? Depending on the breeder, expect to spend anywhere from $1,500 to $3,500. But for that, you’ll likely get a dog who’s been screened for health and temperament issues, and they might come with pedigree papers. You can also reach out to German Shepherd rescue organizations to adopt one or keep an eye out at your local animal shelter, or search Chewy’s database of adoptable dogs in your area.

FAQs

Are German Shepherds hypoallergenic?

No, German Shepherds are not hypoallergenic. The breed’s fur sheds a lot, and they shed throughout the year. Their shedding can spread pet dander throughout your home, making them a breed to avoid for allergy sufferers.

Are German Shepherds aggressive?

Because they were bred to be guard dogs, it would be easy to dismiss German Shepherds as aggressive. But with proper training and socialization, this pup can be a great family pet.

Are German Shepherds good with kids?

German Shepherds are good with kids if they are properly trained and socialized. Also, be sure children are taught the proper ways to engage with dogs, including not invading their space unless they ask first.

What are the most popular German Shepherd names?

The most popular German Shepherd names include Max, Ladie, Bear, Sadie, Buddy, Sasha, Duke, Sheeba and Rocky. Get more dog names here.

What are the most common German Shepherd mixes?

The most common German Shepherd mixes are:

  • German Shepherd-Husky mix (Shepsky)
  • German Shepherd-Golden Retriever mix (Golden Shepherd)
  • German Shepherd-Pit Bull mix (German Pit)
  • German Shepherd-Lab mix (German Sheprador)
  • German Shepherd-Rottweiler mix (German Shepweiler)
  • German Shepherd-Corgi mix (Corman Shepherd)

Note: These are not purebred dogs but mixed breeds.

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Top Takeaways

Active and bright, a well-trained German Shepherd is the ultimate sidekick. They’re happiest when they have a job to do or they’re included in activities with the family. Pet parents looking for a more independent and low-maintenance dog should definitely look elsewhere. But if you’re willing to put in the time and effort, you will have a loyal, loving companion and bestie who’s always got your back.

Expert input provided by board certified veterinarian behaviorist and Professor Ameritus at Cornell College of Medicine Katherine Houpt, animal behaviorist and behavior consultant Jennifer Abrams and AKC Delegate for the Newton Kennel Club Cathy Murch, who has raised German Shepherds for 50 years.

Breed characteristic ratings provided by veterinarian Dr. Sarah J. Wooten, DVM, CVJ, a veterinarian at Sheep Draw Veterinary Hospital in Greeley, Colorado; dog trainer and behavior consultant Irith Bloom, CPDT-KSA, CBCC-KA, CDBC, owner of The Sophisticated Dog, LLC, in Los Angeles; and certified animal behavior consultant Amy Shojai, CABC, in Sherman, Texas.

The health content was medically reviewed by Chewy vets.

Search for Adoptable German Shepherds Near You

Top German Shepherd Names

These are the top German Shepherd names as chosen by Chewy's pet parents!

Female Names

  • Luna
  • Bella
  • Nala
  • Nova
  • Athena
  • Sadie
  • Stella
  • Lucy
  • Daisy
  • Roxy

Male Names

  • Max
  • Zeus
  • Bear
  • Loki
  • Rocky
  • Apollo
  • Thor
  • Duke
  • Koda
  • Odin